Ngokuqala kwenguquko entsha yezobuchwepheshe emhlabeni wonke, imboni yezokwelapha iye yabhekana nezinguquko ezinkulu. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990, ngaphansi kwesizinda sokuguga komhlaba kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sabantu sezinsizakalo zezokwelapha ezisezingeni eliphezulu, amarobhothi ezokwelapha angathuthukisa ngempumelelo ikhwalithi yezinsizakalo zezokwelapha futhi anciphise inkinga yokuntuleka kwezinsiza zezokwelapha, okuye kwadonsela ukunaka okubanzi futhi kwaba yindawo yocwaningo lwamanje.
Umqondo wamarobhothi ezokwelapha
I-Medical Robot iyithuluzi elihlanganisa izinqubo ezihambisanayo ngokwezidingo zensimu yezokwelapha, bese lenza izenzo ezithile bese liguqula izenzo zibe ukunyakaza kwendlela yokusebenza ngokwesimo sangempela.
Izwe lethu linaka kakhulu ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamarobhothi ezokwelapha. Ucwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi ezokwelapha kudlala indima enhle ekunciphiseni ukuguga kwezwe lethu kanye nesidingo sabantu esikhula ngokushesha sezinsizakalo zezokwelapha ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Kuhulumeni, okhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukiswa kwamarobhothi ezokwelapha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa izinga lesayensi nezobuchwepheshe lezwe lethu, ukudala izinga lokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuheha amathalente esayensi nezobuchwepheshe asezingeni eliphezulu.
Kumabhizinisi, amarobhothi ezokwelapha okwamanje ayinsimu eshisayo yokunaka komhlaba wonke, futhi amathuba emakethe abanzi. Ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko yamarobhothi ezokwelapha ngamabhizinisi kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lobuchwepheshe kanye nokuncintisana emakethe kwamabhizinisi.
Kusukela kumuntu, amarobhothi ezokwelapha anganikeza abantu izixazululo zezokwelapha nezempilo ezinembile, ezisebenzayo neziqondene nomuntu siqu, ezingathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila kwabantu.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamarobhothi ezokwelapha
Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwezibalo zamarobhothi ezokwelapha yi-International Federation of Robotics (IFR), amarobhothi ezokwelapha angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine ezilandelayo ngokwemisebenzi ehlukene:amarobhothi okuhlinzwa,amarobhothi okuvuselela, amarobhothi esevisi yezokwelapha kanye namarobhothi osizo lwezokwelapha.Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele ezivela eQianzhan Industry Research Institute, ngo-2019, amarobhothi okuvuselela abekwe endaweni yokuqala emakethe yamarobhothi ezokwelapha ngo-41%, amarobhothi osizo lwezokwelapha abalelwa ku-26%, kanti izilinganiso zamarobhothi ezinsizakalo zezokwelapha namarobhothi okuhlinzwa azizange zihluke kakhulu, 17% no-16% ngokulandelana.
Irobhothi lokuhlinza
Amarobhothi okuhlinza ahlanganisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu zesimanje, futhi aziwa njengegugu elibalulekile embonini yamarobhothi. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amarobhothi, amarobhothi okuhlinza anezici zomkhawulo wobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ukunemba okuphezulu, kanye nenani eliphakeme kakhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amarobhothi okuhlinza amathambo kanye nokuhlinzwa kwemizwa amarobhothi okuhlinza anezici ezisobala zokuhlanganiswa kocwaningo lwemboni-inyuvesi, futhi inani elikhulu lemiphumela yocwaningo lwesayensi lishintshiwe futhi lasetshenziswa. Njengamanje, amarobhothi okuhlinza asetshenziswe kwezokwelapha amathambo, ukuhlinzwa kwemizwa, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo, i-gynecology kanye nokunye ukuhlinzwa eShayina.
Imakethe yamarobhothi okuhlinza angenazo izinto eziningi eShayina isaphethwe amarobhothi angenisiwe. Irobhothi lokuhlinza iDa Vinci okwamanje liyirobhothi lokuhlinza eliphumelela kakhulu, futhi belilokhu lihola emakethe yamarobhothi okuhlinza selokhu laqinisekiswa yi-US FDA ngo-2000.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, amarobhothi okuhlinzwa ahola ukuhlinzwa okungangenisi kakhulu enkathini entsha, futhi imakethe ithuthuka ngokushesha. Ngokusho kwedatha yeTrend Force, usayizi wemakethe yamarobhothi okuhlinzwa akude emhlabeni wonke wawucishe ube yi-US$3.8 billion ngo-2016, futhi uzokhuphuka ufike ku-US$9.3 billion ngo-2021, ngesilinganiso sokukhula esihlanganisiwe esingu-19.3%.
Irobhothi lokuvuselela
Njengoba umkhuba wokuguga ukhula emhlabeni wonke, isidingo sabantu sezinsizakalo zezokwelapha ezisezingeni eliphezulu sikhula ngokushesha, futhi igebe phakathi kokuhlinzekwa nesidingo sezinsizakalo zezokwelapha liyaqhubeka nokukhula. Irobhothi lokuvuselela okwamanje liyisistimu yamarobhothi enkulu kunazo zonke emakethe yasekhaya. Isabelo sayo semakethe sidlule kakhulu kunesamarobhothi okuhlinzwa. Umkhawulo wayo wezobuchwepheshe kanye nezindleko ziphansi kunezamarobhothi okuhlinzwa. Ngokwemisebenzi yayo, ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili.amarobhothi e-exoskeletonfuthiamarobhothi okuqeqesha ukuvuselelwa.
Amarobhothi e-exoskeleton abantu ahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njengokuzwa, ukulawula, ulwazi, kanye nekhompyutha yeselula ukuze anikeze opharetha isakhiwo somshini esigqokwayo esivumela irobhothi ukuthi likwazi ukusiza iziguli ngokuzimela noma emisebenzini yamalunga kanye nokusiza ukuhamba.
Irobhothi lokuqeqesha ukuvuselelwa liwuhlobo lwerobhothi lezokwelapha elisiza iziguli ekuqeqeshweni kokuvuselelwa kokuzivocavoca kwasekuqaleni. Imikhiqizo yalo ifaka irobhothi lokuvuselela izitho zangaphezulu, irobhothi lokuvuselela izitho zangaphansi, isihlalo sabakhubazekile esihlakaniphile, irobhothi lokuqeqesha impilo elisebenzisanayo, njll. Imakethe ephezulu yamarobhothi okuqeqesha ukuvuselelwa kwasekhaya ilawulwa yimikhiqizo yaseYurophu naseMelika efana ne-United States neSwitzerland, futhi amanani ahlala ephezulu.
Irobhothi lenkonzo yezokwelapha
Uma kuqhathaniswa namarobhothi okuhlinzwa namarobhothi okuvuselela, amarobhothi ezinsizakalo zezokwelapha anomkhawulo ophansi wezobuchwepheshe, adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezokwelapha, futhi anamathemba amaningi okusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, ukubonisana ngezokwelapha ngocingo, ukunakekelwa kweziguli, ukuhlanza izibhedlela, usizo ezigulini ezinokunyakaza okulinganiselwe, ukulethwa kwama-oda elebhu, njll. EShayina, izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-HKUST Xunfei kanye ne-Cheetah Mobile zihlola ngenkuthalo ucwaningo ngamarobhothi ezinsizakalo zezokwelapha ezihlakaniphile.
Irobhothi losizo lwezokwelapha
Amarobhothi osizo lwezokwelapha asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezokwelapha zabantu abangakwazi ukuhamba noma ukukhubazeka okulinganiselwe. Isibonelo, amarobhothi okunakekela athuthukiswe kwamanye amazwe afaka irobhothi elihloniphekile elithi “care-o-bot-3″ eJalimane, kanye nelithi “Rober” kanye nelithi “Resyone” athuthukiswe eJapane. Angenza imisebenzi yasekhaya, okulingana nabasebenzi abaningana bokunakekela, futhi angakhuluma nabantu, anikeze induduzo engokomzwelo kubantu asebekhulile abahlala bodwa.
Isibonelo, ucwaningo nentuthuko yerobhothi elihambisanayo lasekhaya ngokuyinhloko liqondene nobudlelwano bezingane kanye nemboni yemfundo yasekuqaleni. Elimele yi-“ibotn Children's Companion Robot” eyathuthukiswa yiShenzhen Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., ehlanganisa imisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko yokunakekelwa kwezingane, ubudlelwane bezingane kanye nemfundo yezingane. Konke kukodwa, kudala ikhambi elilodwa lobudlelwano bezingane.
Ithuba lokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamarobhothi ezokwelapha eShayina
Ubuchwepheshe:Izindawo ezidumile zocwaningo embonini yamarobhothi ezokwelapha zinezici ezinhlanu: ukwakheka kokwenza ngcono amarobhothi, ubuchwepheshe bokuzulazula ngokuhlinzwa, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa izinhlelo, ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza ngocingo kanye nokuhlinzwa okukude, kanye nobuchwepheshe be-inthanethi yezokwelapha i-big data fusion. Umkhuba wentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ukugxila, ubuhlakani, ukulinganisa, ukuhlanganisa kanye nokulawula kude. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa njalo ukunemba, ukungenelela okuncane, ukuphepha kanye nokuzinza kwamarobhothi.
Imakethe:Ngokusho kwesibikezelo se-World Health Organisation, ukuguga kwabantu baseShayina kuzoba kubi kakhulu ngo-2050, kanti ama-35% abantu bazobe sebeneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala. Amarobhothi ezokwelapha angahlonza izimpawu zeziguli ngokunembile, anciphise amaphutha okusebenza ngesandla, futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwezokwelapha, ngaleyo ndlela axazulule inkinga yokungatholakali ngokwanele kwezinsizakalo zezokwelapha zasekhaya, futhi abe nethuba elihle emakethe. UYang Guangzhong, isazi seRoyal Academy of Engineering, ukholelwa ukuthi amarobhothi ezokwelapha okwamanje ayinsimu ethembisayo kakhulu emakethe yamarobhothi asekhaya. Sekukonke, ngaphansi komkhankaso wokuhlinzeka nesidingo ngezindlela ezimbili, amarobhothi ezokwelapha aseShayina azoba nendawo enkulu yokukhula kwemakethe esikhathini esizayo.
Amathalente:Inqubo yokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kwamarobhothi ezokwelapha ihilela ulwazi lwezokwelapha, isayensi yamakhompyutha, isayensi yedatha, i-biomechanics kanye neminye imikhakha ehlobene, futhi isidingo samakhono ahlukahlukene anezizinda eziningi siya ngokuya siphuthuma. Amanye amakolishi namayunivesithi nawo aqale ukwengeza ama-majors ahlobene namapulatifomu ocwaningo lwesayensi. Isibonelo, ngoDisemba 2017, iShanghai Transportation University yasungula iMedical Robot Research Institute; ngo-2018, iTianjin University yahola ekuhlinzekeni nge-major ye-"Intelligent Medical Engineering"; I-major yavunywa, kwathi iShayina yaba yizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukusungula i-major ekhethekile ye-undergraduate ukuqeqesha amakhono obunjiniyela bokuvuselela.
Izimali:Ngokwezibalo, ekupheleni kuka-2019, kwase kwenzeke imicimbi yokuxhasa ngezimali engu-112 emkhakheni wamarobhothi ezokwelapha. Isigaba sokuxhasa ngezimali sigxile kakhulu kumjikelezo we-A. Ngaphandle kwezinkampani ezimbalwa ezinemali eyodwa yokuxhasa ngezimali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 zama-yuan, iningi lamaphrojekthi amarobhothi ezokwelapha linemali eyodwa yokuxhasa ngezimali engu-10 million yama-yuan, kanti inani lokuxhasa ngezimali lamaphrojekthi e-angel round lisatshalaliswa phakathi kwezigidi eziyi-1 zama-yuan kanye nezigidi eziyi-10 zama-yuan.
Njengamanje, kunezinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezisaqala amarobhothi ezokwelapha eShayina, ezinye zazo eziwukuhlelwa kwezimboni kwamarobhothi ezimboni noma izinkampani zamadivayisi ezokwelapha. Futhi izinkampani ezinkulu ezidumile njengeZhenFund, IDG Capital, TusHoldings Fund, kanye neGGV Capital seziqalile kakade ukusabalalisa nokusheshisa ijubane lazo emkhakheni wamarobhothi ezokwelapha. Intuthuko yemboni yamarobhothi ezokwelapha isifikile futhi izoqhubeka.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-06-2023