Ezigulini ezihlinzwa nge-hemodialysis, ukukhetha okulungileinaliti ye-dialysiskubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukwelashwa okuphephile, okunethezekile, nokusebenza kahle. Phakathi kosayizi benaliti ye-dialysis etholakalayo, inaliti ye-dialysis engu-15G ingenye yezinketho ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni igazi kwabantu abadala. Ihlinzeka ngebhalansi enhle phakathi kokusebenza kwegazi kanye nenduduzo yesiguli, okwenza kube yithuluzi lezokwelapha elithandwayo ezikhungweni ze-dialysis emhlabeni jikelele.
Lesi sihloko sichaza izinzuzo zenaliti ye-dialysis engu-15G, ukusetshenziswa kwenaliti ye-dialysis engu-15G, kanye nezici ezenza ifanelekele ukwelashwa kwe-dialysis okuvamile.
Iyini Inaliti Yokuhlanzwa Kwegazi?
Inaliti ye-dialysis iyinaliti ekhethekile esetshenziselwa ukufinyelela ukujikeleza kwegazi kwesiguli ngesikhathi se-hemodialysis. Ngokuvamile ifakwa endaweni yenaliti ye-AV fistula — kungaba yi-arteriovenous fistula noma i-graft. Ukwelashwa ngakunye kudinga izinaliti ezimbili:
Inaliti yemithambo: idonsa igazi esigulini
Inaliti yemithambo yegazi: ibuyisela igazi ngemva kokuhlunga
Izinaliti ze-Dialysis ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu, uhlobo lwesihloko, kanye nomklamo, kodwa inaliti ye-dialysis engu-15G isalokhu iyisinqumo esijwayelekile seziguli ezindala ezinokufinyelela kwemithambo yegazi okuvuthiwe.
Ukuqonda Usayizi Wenaliti Ye-Dialysis (Uhlelo Lokulinganisa)
Kuhlelo lokulinganisa, uma inombolo yokulinganisa incane, ububanzi bayo bukhulu. Usayizi wenaliti ofanele uqinisekisa ukugeleza kwegazi okuzinzile kanye nokuvikelwa kokufinyelela endaweni.
Ithebula 1. OkuvamileUsayizi Wenaliti Yokuhlanzwa Kwe-Dialysiskanye Nokusetshenziswa Kwazo Okuvamile
| Usayizi Wenaliti Yokuhlanzwa Kwe-Dialysis | Ububanzi Bangaphandle | Izinga Lokugeleza Elijwayelekile | Icala Lokusetshenziswa Okuvamile |
| 14G | Okukhulu kakhulu | 350–450 mL/ngomzuzu | I-dialysis esebenza kahle kakhulu, i-fistula enkulu |
| 15G | Okuphakathi nendawo okukhulu | 300–400 mL/ngomzuzu | I-dialysis ejwayelekile yabantu abadala |
| 16G | Okuphakathi nendawo | 250–320 mL/ngomzuzu | I-fistula entsha noma ezwelayo |
| 17G | Okuncane kakhulu | 200–250 mL/ngomzuzu | I-fistula yezingane noma yesigaba sokuqala |
Inketho ye-15G ifinyelela ibhalansi efanele phakathi kwenduduzo nokusebenza kahle.
Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zenaliti Yokuhlanzwa Kwe-15G
1. Ukugeleza Kwegazi Okuphezulu Ukuze Kusebenze Kahle Kakhulu Nge-Dialysis
Inzuzo enkulu yenaliti ye-dialysis engu-15G yikhono layo lokufinyelela amazinga okugeleza kwegazi afanele, ngokuvamile afinyelela ku-400 mL/min, okuvumela:
ukususwa okungcono kobuthi,
izikhathi zokwelashwa ezimfushane,
ukufaneleka kwe-dialysis okuthuthukisiwe (Kt/V).
2. Ikhululekile Ukusetshenziswa Kwesikhathi Eside
Usayizi ongu-15G mkhulu ngokwanele ukuze kugeleze kahle kodwa mncane ngokwanele ukuze kuncishiswe ubuhlungu bokubhoboza igazi futhi kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka ekufinyeleleni kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kulinganisela kubaluleke kakhulu ezigulini ezihlinzwa nge-hemodialysis isikhathi eside.
3. Ingozi Ephansi Yezinkinga Zokufinyelela
Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwenaliti ye-AV fistula enobukhulu obufanele kunciphisa ingozi yalokhu okulandelayo:
Ukungena ngokungemthetho,
I-Hematoma,
Ukulimala komkhumbi,
Ukopha isikhathi eside.
4. Ilungele ama-AV Fistula nama-Graft Abadala
Iningi lama-fistula nama-graft e-AV avuthiwe aphatha izinaliti ezingu-15G ngokunethezeka, okwenza zifaneleke cishe kubo bonke abantu abadala abagula nge-hemodialysis.
5. Iyahambisana Nezinqubo Zokuhlola I-Dialysis Zabantu Abadala Ezijwayelekile
Ngenxa yokuthi izinqubo eziningi ze-hemodialysis zabantu abadala zidinga amazinga aphezulu okugeleza kwegazi, inaliti ye-15G iba ukukhetha okujwayelekile nokuthembekile kokwelashwa okuvamile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwenaliti ye-Dialysis engu-15G
Ukusetshenziswa kwenaliti ye-dialysis engu-15G kuncike esimweni sesiguli kanye nemigomo yokwelashwa. Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwezokwelapha kufaka phakathi:
1. Ukuhlanza Okujwayelekile Kwabantu Abadala
Iningi leziguli ezidayisa igazi kubantu abadala ezikwazi ukufinyelela imithambo yegazi ezivuthiwe zisebenzisa izinaliti ezingu-15G njalo.
2. I-Dialysis Esebenza Kakhulu kanye Nokusebenza Kahle Kakhulu
Kudingeka ukugeleza kwegazi okuphezulu ukuze kuhlungwe izihlungi ezishintshashintshayo, okwenza inalithi engu-15G ibe usayizi okhethwayo.
3. Ukususwa kwe-AV Fistula Evuthiwe
Ngemva kokuba i-fistula isivuthiwe (ngokuvamile amasonto ayi-6-12), odokotela bavame ukuthuthukisa iziguli kusuka ku-16G noma ku-17G ziye ku-15G.
4. Ukukhanselwa kwe-AV Grafts
Izingcezu zokwenziwa zisekela ukugeleza kwegazi okuphezulu futhi zilungele kahle ukucutshungulwa kwenaliti okungu-15G.
5. Ukuhlanza Igazi Kwesikhathi Eside
Iziguli ezidinga i-dialysis izikhathi eziningi ngesonto ziyazuza ekufakweni kwe-cannulation okuzinzile, okuphansi kokuhlukumezeka ngenaliti ze-15G.
Izici Zenaliti Yokuhlanzwa Kwe-15G Esezingeni Eliphezulu
Idivayisi yezokwelapha ethembekile ye-dialysis ihlanganisa izinto eziningana eziklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kanye nenduduzo yesiguli:
Ithebula 2. Izici Eziyinhloko Zenaliti Yokuhlanzwa Kwe-15G
| Isici | Incazelo | Inzuzo |
| I-cannula embozwe nge-silicone | Kunciphisa ukungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokufakwa | Ubuhlungu obuncane, ukuthululwa kwe-cannulation okubushelelezi |
| Umklamo wamehlo angemuva | Imbobo eyengeziwe eduze kwesihloko | Ukugeleza kwegazi okungcono, ukuphazamiseka okuncane |
| Amaphiko aguquguqukayo | Isibambo sokubamba esimise okwephiko | Ukulawula inaliti okunembe kakhudlwana |
| Ihabhu elinemibala | Ngokuvamile luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngobukhulu obungu-15G | Ukuhlonza usayizi okulula |
| Isihloko esibukhali se-bevel | Indawo yokusika emincane kakhulu | Kunciphisa ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi |
| Indlela yokuphepha (ongakukhetha) | Umklamo wesiqeshana noma wehawu | Kuvimbela ukulimala kwenaliti |
Lezi zici zinegalelo ezikhathini zokuhlanza igazi eziphephile nezisebenza kahle.
Ukukhetha Usayizi Wenaliti Efanele Ye-Dialysis
Lapho bekhetha usayizi wenalithi ye-dialysis, odokotela bacabangela okulandelayo:
Ithebula 3. Indlela Yokukhetha Isilinganiso Senaliti Esifanele
| Isimo Sesiguli | Usayizi Wenaliti Onconywayo | Isizathu |
| I-AV fistula entsha noma ebuthakathaka | 16G–17G | Kunciphisa ukulimala ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kokuqala |
| I-fistula evuthiwe | 15G | Izinga lokugeleza elifanele kanye nenduduzo |
| I-fistula noma i-graft egeleza kakhulu | 14G–15G | Isekela i-dialysis esebenza kahle kakhulu |
| Isiguli sezingane noma esinesisindo esincane | 17G | Kuphephile emikhunjini emincane |
Inalithi engu-15G ifanele iningi leziguli ezindala.
Kungani Izikhungo Zokuhlanza Igazi Zithanda Izinaliti Ezingu-15G
Izikhungo ze-Dialysis zivame ukukhetha usayizi we-15G ngoba zinikeza:
Ukugeleza kwegazi okuphezulu okuqhubekayo,
Ukufakwa okukhululekile kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside,
Ukuhambisana ne-dialysis eguquguqukayo kakhulu,
Amanani ezinkinga ancishisiwe,
Ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa okuphelele kuthuthukisiwe.
Kubathengi kanye nabaphakeli bezokwelapha, izinaliti ze-15G ziyizincazelo zenaliti ye-dialysis ezithengwa kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Inaliti ye-dialysis ye-15G iyithuluzi elibalulekile kwesimanjei-hemodialysis, okunikeza ukugeleza kwegazi okuhle kakhulu, induduzo yesiguli, kanyeukufinyelela kwemithambo yegaziukuvikelwa. Ukuqonda izinzuzo zezinaliti ze-dialysis ze-15G kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinaliti ze-dialysis ze-15G kusiza odokotela kanye nabathengi bemikhiqizo yezokwelapha ukuthi bakhethe idivayisi yezokwelapha engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa kwe-hemodialysis okuphephile nokuphumelelayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-01-2025